A material’s ability to dissipate or insulate heat determines its range of applications. There are four common thermal properties: Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, Heat Capacity, and Specific Heat.

Plastic, metal, and ceramic materials are often coated with metal, polymer, or oxide films to enhance aesthetics, wear resistance, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and other properties.

In industrialized regions around the world, industrial waste and wastewater, as well as emissions and dust generated by the petrochemical and metal recycling industries, can contribute to varying levels of heavy metal contamination in soil.

Elemental composition analysis can be used to identify the elemental composition of metals, determine the element ratios in glass and ceramic materials, and analyze the proportion of metal additives in polymers.

Non-destructive X-ray inspection provides high-resolution 2D and 3D CT images without the need for disassembly.

Material physical and chemical property analysis provides insights into chemical structures, bonding, and unknown substances to evaluate microscopic structures and overall macroscopic properties.

Compliance with regulations such as RoHS 2.0 for restricted heavy metals and plasticizers, the WEEE Directive for electrical and electronic equipment recycling, the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), and EN 71 requirements for restricted substances in toys.

The elemental concentrations in metal materials can be used to identify metal grades through Positive Material Identification (PMI) and determine whether their composition falls within acceptable ranges.